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In the formal languages used in mathematical logic and computer science, a well-formed formula or simply formula (often abbreviated wff, pronounced "wiff" or "wuff") is an idea, abstraction or concept which is expressed using the symbols and formation rules (also called the formal grammar) of a particular formal language. To say that a string of symbols is a wff with respect to a given formal grammar is equivalent to saying that belongs to the language generated by . A formal language can be identified with the set of its wffs. Although the term "well-formed formula" is commonly used to refer to the written marks, for instance, on a piece of paper or chalkboard which are being used to express an idea; it is more precisely understood as the idea being expressed and the marks as a token instance of the well formed formula. Two different strings of marks may be tokens of the same well-formed formula. This is to say that there may be many different formulations of the same the idea. It is not necessary for the existence of a well-formed formula that there be any actual tokens of it. Formal languages may have an infinite number of well-formed formula, regardless of whether there actually exist any token instances of them. Well-formed formulas are quite often interpreted as propositions (as, for instance, in propositional logic). However wffs are syntactic entities, and as such must be specified in a formal language without regard to any interpretation of them. An interpreted well-formed formula may be the name of something, an adjective, an adverb, a preposition, a phrase, a clause, an imperative sentence, a string of sentences, a string of names, etcetera. A well-formed formula may even turn out to be nonsense, if the symbols of the language are specified so that it does. Furthermore, a well-formed formula need not be given any interpretation. The set of well-formed formulas of a particular formal language is determined by a fiat of its creator, who simply lays down what things are to be wffs of his language. Usually this is done by specifying a set of symbols, and a set of formation rules. A key use of wffs is in propositional logic and predicate logics such as first-order logic. In those contexts, a formula is a string of symbols φ for which it makes sense to ask "is φ true?", once any free variables in φ have been instantiated. In formal logic, proofs can be represented by sequences of wffs with certain properties, and the final wff in the sequence is what is proven. This final wff is called a theorem when it plays a significant role in the theory being developed, or a lemma when it plays an accessory role in the proof of a theorem. From Wikipedia under the
GNU Free Documentation License Logic grids: Other methods of solving? Q. So, you know the logic grids like such: Is there any way to solve them using mathematical formulas? I remember using algebra to solve a logic problem (I'm pretty sure it was a logic grid), but I don't recall how. Other methods of solving such problems would be nice (instead of just crossing out stuff with X's). Asked by Amy - Wed Jan 2 03:10:37 2008 - - 3 Answers - 0 Comments A. You are right. You can can encode everything and use what is called Boolean algebra. Answered by mathman - Wed Jan 2 03:28:24 2008 Logic critical thinking please help? Q. some one help me out please? we have to read this manifesto and then break it down in to syllogisms if you know logic you know this like (premises and conclusions) Analyzed statement or manifesto to show its logical arguments, structures, and fallacies using clear logic, argumentation, and critical thinking. As a genre, Fractal Art (FA) has been around for approximately 15-20 years. Its first major public display may be considered to be an article about the Mandelbrot Set published in "Scientific American" in 1985. Since then, many advances have been made, both in fractal rendering capabilities and in the understanding of fractal geometery. Perhaps now is an opportune time to make a defining statement about what is (and what is not)… [cont.] Asked by Zagus - Mon Sep 21 19:41:49 2009 - - 2 Answers - 0 Comments A. Hi I'm afraid that I don't quite understand what you need to do, but I guess that it's along these lines. A syllogism is an argument from two premises to a conclusion. For example, (1) All Fs are Gs (2) Some F is an H Thus, (3) Some G is an H. A syllogism is valid just in case it is logically impossible that its premises should be true in the event that its conclusion is false. I cannot find anything resembling a syllogism in your text. There are no arguments; there are words like 'thus', to indicate that one statement is being inferred from another, or two statements are being held to jointly entail a third. How many arguments have you discerned in the text? Answered by Melanie - Thu Sep 24 23:51:46 2009 Are these symptoms of Dyscalculia?
Q. I just recently have figured out about this mathematics disability, and I think it may be the reason as to why I've been struggling in my math related classes and activities this entire past year. I have constant problems with comprehending and performing formulae, rules, and sequences, stuff like that. I'm criminal with sequential processing. Now that I'm reading the symptoms from wiki, I find a lot of these affect me, too, such as: -Having particular difficulty mentally estimating the measurement of an object or distance (e.g., whether something is 10 or 20 feet (3 or 6 metres) away). -Low latent inhibition, i.e., over-sensitivity to noise, smell, light and the inability to tune out, filtering unwanted information or impressions. Might… [cont.] Asked by HAYMAYHEM - Sat Aug 8 19:04:14 2009 - - 5 Answers - 0 Comments A. You do certainly sound like you fit a lot of the symptoms. Even though practically nobody knows what dyscalculia is (more often called Mathematics Disorder or Math Learning Disorder, MLD, in the United States) it's estimated that as many people have dyscalculia as have dyslexia. I struggled terribly through my math classes from elementary school onward, but excelled in everything else (reading, writing, social studies, and sciences that didn't involve math). Everyone just assumed that I "wasn't trying hard enough" in math, because I got great grades in everything else but was barely scraping C's in my math classes. I wasn't diagnosed with dyscalculia until my freshman year of college, when I flunked out of an entry-level math class. I… [cont.] Answered by Kate - Sat Aug 8 19:20:55 2009 From Yahoo Answer Search: "Formula (mathematical logic)"  news.google.com The Nation. In "A Pentagram for Conjuring the Narrative," an essay both allusive and elusive, Frampton distills the work of master storytellers into mathematical ... news.google.com Trading Markets (press release) If the chosen symbol can handle those fills in the normal course of its movement, there is scientifically = mathematically zero different across that ... news.google.com The New Mexico Independent Hmm, let's see if we can follow the logic here. The Governor has made education reform a priority for 6 1/2 years, and each year we fail to make any ... and more » From Google News Search: "Formula (mathematical logic)"  lbnelert.com 102px x 82px | 2.50kB [source page] Lbn commentary by peter bart the $100 million B O results and fawning reviews for the new Star Trek will surely provide even further reinforcement for that new genre the prequel All those studio execs who wasted their time devising sequels about what comes after must feel stupid for not focusing on what went before The sequels from the old studio system were finally abandoned because they ran out of plot Clearly the Andy Hardy series for example should have taken Mickey Rooney back to infancy The prequel formula thumbs its nose at certain basic cinematic precepts The audience doesnt need to worry whether Spock will survive his mission because we see multiple generations of Spocks in the movie The time traveling Spock the Elder even advises his younger self Put aside logic Do what feels right He might have added Put aside suspense It all ends right lbn commentary by peter bart the $100 million B O results and fawning reviews for the new Star Trek will surely provide…  timesonline.co.uk 165px x 165px | 11.40kB [source page] ONE of Britain s leading universities has rejected an independent school pupil with four A grades at A level after applying a mathematical formula that gives an automatic advantage to pupils from poorly performing schools  scienceclarified.com 269px x 216px | 10.00kB [source page] were separate and distinct attractions Then a brilliant young Englishman named Isaac Newton showed that this was not the case at the same time he demonstrated how gravity actually works English scientist Isaac Newton introduced a mathematical formula to measure the gravitational pull of objects According to Newton he got his first major clue to gravity s identity when From Yahoo Image Search: "Formula (mathematical logic)"  boingboing.net Xeni Jardin ue, 24 Feb 2009 07:25:14 GM Economics is not formulas. Economics is not higher . math. . Economics is not experimental science. Economics is not even quantitative. Economics is . logic. applied to the choices that people, and business, make constantly. ...  information-density.blogspot.com bbame Fri, 14 Aug 2009 21:14:00 GM I could see that such a . formula. must exist, and was much more interested in finding it than doing the problems. Unfortunately I didn't finish the derivation, and subsequently failed the test. We learned the . formula. a couple of months later. ... So, out of morbid curiosity I started reading all sorts of . math. -related papers (gotta love Google, arxiv.org, and the web in general). Guess what I found? Mathematicians really do promote the same sort of thinking, ...  scienceblogs.com revere hu, 06 Aug 2009 11:33:36 GM One of the main results in this paper is a . mathematical formula. for a threshold of the proportion of susceptibles in a population required at the outset of a season for it to be "bad" (have a high peak). If the number of people susceptible when ... I am not predicting a bad year because number crunching in a . mathematical. model said it must be so. On the contrary, through the use of the model, we are able to see some implicit . logic. about what goes on in systems like this. ... From Google Blog Search: "Formula (mathematical logic)" |
