This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter. For the uses of gases, and other meanings, see Gas (disambiguation).

Gas phase particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) move around freely
A gas is one of four states of matter[1][2]. Near absolute zero, a substance exists as a solid. As heat is added to this substance it melts into a liquid at its melting point, boils into a gas at its boiling point, and if heated high enough would enter a plasma state in which the electrons are so energized that they leave their parent atoms from within the gas. A pure gas may be comprised of individual atoms (ie a noble gas or atomic gas like neon), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (ie oxygen), or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms (ie carbon dioxide). An atomic gas which is cooled to an extremely low temperature is said to be a highly degenerate atomic gas, and can be classified as either a bose gas or a fermi gas. A gas mixture would contain a variety of pure gases much like the air that we breathe. What distinguishes a gas from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles as seen in the model to the right. This separation usually makes a colourless gas invisible to the human observer.

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