NounPlural modal logics modal logic (plural modal logics)
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From Wiktionary under the GNU Free Documentation License. A modal logic is any system of formal logic that attempts to deal with modalities. Modals qualify the truth of a judgment. For example, if it is true that "John is happy," we might qualify this statement by saying that "John is very happy," in which case the term "very" would be a modality. Traditionally, there are three "modes" or "moods" or "modalities" represented by modal logic, namely, possibility, probability, and necessity. A formal modal logic represents modalities using modal operators. For example, "It might rain today" and "It is possible that rain will fall today" both contain the notion of possibility. In a modal logic this is represented as an operator, Possibly, attached to the sentence It will rain today. The basic unary (1-place) modal operators are usually written for Necessarily and for Possibly. In a classical modal logic, each can be expressed by the other and negation: Thus it is possible that it will rain today if and only if it is not necessary that it will not rain today. For the standard formal semantics of the basic modal language, see Kripke semantics. From Wikipedia under the
GNU Free Documentation License Best book to learn symbolic and modal logic? Q. What is a good book that introduces symbolic and modal logic? Asked by enarchay - Sat May 30 19:34:51 2009 - - 1 Answers - 0 Comments A. It was my understanding that Graeme Forbes's book was good. Answered by cheeser1 - Sun May 31 16:06:16 2009 modal logic? Q. (P =>Q) for this implication to be true we can have any combination of truth values except where P=T and Q=F what is the difference between this and this[_](P =>Q) to be read "necesarily if P then Q? And my next question is this could either or both propositions be contingent? Third question: I am puzzeled because there is an axiom that says [_](P =>Q) implies ([_]P=>[_]Q); but this seems a bit strange if either P or Q is contingent because it appears that we are transfering the necessity of the relationship of implication to the necessity of the individual propositions and trying to make a contingent propositon necessary which violates the fixity of modal status? Asked by thegrons - Thu Feb 28 01:00:14 2008 - - 1 Answers - 0 Comments A. Any logical statement that does not already have modal quantifiers, can maintain their meaning, if only you put "necessarily" in front of them. Dogs are mammals Necessarily dogs are mammals If x is necessarily a dog, then x is necessarily a mammal. If there were a possible world where the antecedent true and consequent false, then the claim would be false. given X assume not necessarily X Possibly X then there does exist an X Absurd therefore necessarily X Neither FOL claim can be contingent, since all statements share their extension with statements bound by necessity. Whether the objects the statements refer to exist, do not, are possible, or otherwise is an empirical concern. Given the necessity of the statements together in the… [cont.] Answered by -.- - Thu Feb 28 04:02:28 2008 Best book to learn symbolic and modal logic?
Q. What is a good book that introduces symbolic and modal logic? Asked by enarchay - Sat May 30 19:35:12 2009 - - 2 Answers - 0 Comments A. A straight forward book with lots of exercises and examples is Logic by Paul Tomassi, I used it as a textbook to learn elementary logic. If you are learning from a basic level then the book is suited to you. It is what got me through my first logic course! I'm a philosophy student. Hope you find what you are looking for either way. Best wishes! Answered by AtomsForPeace - Wed Jun 3 01:59:06 2009 From Yahoo Answer Search: "modal logic"  news.google.com ZNet ... of private logics in the public sphere. Progressive movements can thereby become informational rather than a modality of industrial society. ... news.google.com PopMatters It's reminiscent of a kind of Associate Justice Potter Stewart logic : we know it when we see it. Despite both the various productive efforts to actually ... news.google.com OpEdNews Betrayal Trauma - The Logic of Forgetting Childhood Abuse. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-06805-x. * Knopp, Fay Honey (1996). ... From Google News Search: "modal logic" From Yahoo Image Search: "modal logic"  puritanboard.com Whitefield ue, 09 Jun 2009 03:37:05 GM Because Plantinga's . modal logic. version of the ontological argument was mentioned in another thread, I had to look it up and refresh my memory of it. Something made me uncomfortable about it and I think I know why. ...  ebook30.com Ebook30.com Mon, 01 Jun 2009 01:48:00 GM By Alban Ponse, Maarten de Rijke, Yde Venema Publisher: Center for the Study of Language and Information Number Of Pages: 326 Publication Date: 1995-06-01 ISBN-10 / ASIN: 188152695X ISBN-13 / EAN: 9781881526957 Product Description: ...  takabsd.jp iTakahiro(takaBSD) Sat, 05 Sep 2009 11:25:17 GM Alternating-time Temporal . Logic. ; Bunched . logic. ; Categorical . logic. ; Combinatory . logic. ; Computability . logic. ; Computation tree . logic. ( , CTL); Dynamic . logic. => . modal logic. ; Fair Computational tree . logic. ; Fuzzy . logic. ... From Google Blog Search: "modal logic" |
