A reference, or a references point, is the intensional use of one thing, a point of reference or reference state, to indicate something else. When reference is intended, what the reference points to is called the referent.

General Examples

Some general examples are:

  • the name Jane Doe used to identify a particular woman;
  • a traffic sign warning of an upcoming turn-off;
  • a wedding ring indicating a certain kind of relationship; and
  • samples of various musical works being incorporated into a new one.

References may be indicated by sounds (like name), pictures (like roadsigns), text (like bibliographies), indexes (like numbers) and objects (like rings); but a range of other concrete or abstract methods can be used. This included methods that deliberately hide the reference from some observers, as in cryptography.

The following sections give specific usages of reference in different subjects.

Contents

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A cell phone and some bad manners - The Associated Press
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A cell phone and some bad manners

The Associated Press

But when Ogilvy went to finally hit the putt, a fan yelled out a reference from the movie "Caddyshack" and he ended up missing it. ...



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Fri Oct 9 10:07:03 2009